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• Non-Pecuniary Loss
  ...rtain readership. This judgment of the ECtHR led to a recalibration of the test for balancing privacy and freedom of expression under German law, with the
  20 KB (3,069 words) - 17:15, 14 September 2021
• Competition (Internal Market)
  .... Another example is the delimitation of a market by the so-called ''SSNIP Test'' (small but significant and non-transitory increase in price) which allows
  20 KB (2,995 words) - 09:55, 10 August 2021
• Unfair Competition (Basic Principles)
  ...neral to the specific. If applied in reverse order, they form a three-step-test. In a first step, Annex I to the directive sets out a ‘Black List’ of 3
  21 KB (3,048 words) - 16:39, 23 September 2021
• Unjustified Enrichment
  ...richment but rather protect the defendant by using an extremely subjective test of enrichment when the benefit was forced upon him.
  24 KB (3,789 words) - 10:31, 28 September 2021
• Collective Litigation
  ...oint a lead solicitor from among the parties’ attorneys or it can select a test case to be litigated in a kind of model proceeding. Compared with group act
  21 KB (3,088 words) - 09:44, 10 August 2021
• Insurance Regulation
  ...del of regulation have been implemented in the shape of the Swiss Solvency Test (SST; see Art 9(2) Swiss VAG).
  23 KB (3,372 words) - 13:50, 31 August 2021
• Free Movement of Goods
  ...' [1979] ECR I-649, para 8). However, justification is subject to the test of proportionality so that there can be a justification only if the measure
  19 KB (2,836 words) - 14:52, 18 August 2021
• Legal Profession
  ...st state (double deontology). The stricter law—provided that it passes the test of proportionality—is applicable if a conflict of laws arises. However, v
  21 KB (3,142 words) - 17:15, 2 September 2021
• Salvage
  ... 1(1)) might be a little misleading in this respect. At any rate, the test of whether there was danger or more specifically imminent danger is a rigid
  23 KB (3,646 words) - 14:58, 21 September 2021
• Trusts
  Trusts and their civil law equivalents (eg the ''Treuhand'' under German law) test the comparative law scholar’s imagination and ingenuity on how to cross t
  24 KB (3,679 words) - 15:10, 23 September 2021
• Property Law (International)
  ...ystem of property law. Furthermore, the restriction would have to pass the test of proportionality. However, judicial authority in this area of law does no
  25 KB (3,864 words) - 15:22, 14 October 2021
• Insolvency, Cross-Border
  ...ls are being presented, inter alia, to replace the centre of main interest test and to provide specific provisions for corporate group insolvencies.
  25 KB (3,645 words) - 14:04, 24 August 2021
• Free Movement of Capital and Payments
  ...ural nor those of general economic policy satisfy the ‘overriding reasons’ test. Moreover, even where Member States try to invoke such reasons (eg the need
  23 KB (3,360 words) - 14:37, 18 August 2021
• Recurring Obligations
  ...tention that stretches beyond this frequently depends on a proportionality test: if the partial breach of contract is serious enough to gain relevance for
  23 KB (3,370 words) - 11:57, 16 September 2021
• Mandatory Law (Fundamental Regulatory Principles)
  ...e judicial review of contract terms is concerned, a general reasonableness test is applied in the Nordic legal systems to all contract terms, whereas other
  26 KB (3,919 words) - 09:01, 29 September 2021
• Fundamental Freedoms (General Principles)
  ...so does not apply free of limitations. The ECJ tends to be strict with its test of necessity, which results in the frequent denial of justificatory reasons
  24 KB (3,645 words) - 10:47, 19 August 2021
• Fair Trial
  ...ken seriously, at least the ‘burden of proof’ in the outcome-determinative test should be shifted, obliging the party which is relying on a procedurally ir
  26 KB (4,103 words) - 10:04, 18 August 2021
• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)
  ...lly increased, not least due to EU legislation, and the courts developed a test for the fairness of [[Standard Contract Terms|standard contract terms]] tha
  25 KB (3,628 words) - 15:25, 14 October 2021

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